猪δ冠状病毒胶体金试纸条检测方法的建立

为建立一种方便、快捷、实用的检测猪δ 冠状病毒(PDCoV)方法,本研究利用原核表达猪δ 冠状病毒N 蛋白,以纯化的N 蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠,利用杂交瘤细胞技术研制2株分泌PDCoV N 蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为E8、A10。2株杂交瘤细胞分泌单克隆抗体敏感性及特异性良好,E8亚类为IgG2a,A10亚类为IgG1。以E8作为金标抗体,A10作为检测抗体,兔抗鼠作为质控线抗体,制备猪δ 冠状病毒胶体金检测试纸条,检测猪δ 冠状病毒敏感性为100TCID50,检测猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪δ 冠状病毒阴性对照均为阴性。本研究建立的胶体金试纸条检测方法敏感性及特异性良好。该检测方法的建立,为猪δ 冠状病毒(PDCoV)流行病学调查提供一种方法,同时为规模化养殖集团及基层兽医组织提供一种检测猪δ 冠状病毒产品。     

胶体金免疫层析技术在猪病毒病诊断中的应用与研究进展

胶体金技术是一种常见的标记技术,胶体金免疫层析试纸条因具有简便、快速、廉价、易操作、安全、稳定、不需特殊仪器、肉眼即可判断等优点,在动物疫病检测,特别是基层兽医人员以及大批量检测和大面积普查等方面得到了广泛应用,显示出了巨大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文就胶体金试纸条在猪病快速诊断上的应用现状及发展前景作一简要综述,为我国猪病毒病的诊断与预防控制提供参考,同时对胶体金技术与几种常见检测技术的性能进行了比较,剖析了胶体金技术的优势及发展瓶颈,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

Effects of 105 traditional Chinese medicines on the detection of β-agonists in medicine extracts and swine urine based on colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay

Colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay(CGIA) is commonly used for the on-site detection of β-agonists that are sometimes used illegally as feed additives in swine diets. However, few studies have evaluated the causes of false-positive results that sometimes occur when applying CGIA in agricultural settings. In this study, we investigated if this false-positive phenomenon is related to the addition of certain traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) to swine feed. We established and verified an extraction method for TCMs, and then applied CGIA to detect β-agonists in the extracts of 105 TCMs and in the urine of swine dosed with TCMs, respectively. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to validate the results of the urine samples tested positive for β-agonists using CGIA. The results were also verified using TCMs and colloidal gold test strips produced by different manufacturers. The extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Chaenomelis Fructus, and Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix Et Rhizoma were tested positive for β-agonists. Meanwhile, the addition of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium to swine feed resulted in false-positive results for β-agonists in swine urine. The results provide a new way to explain false-positive CGIA results and provide valuable information for livestock feeding programs.     

安顺金刺梨生长特性及高产优质栽培技术

通过对安顺金刺梨物候期、枝梢生长、果实性状的特性观察，同时开展高产优质栽培技术研究，结果表明：安顺金刺梨1月上中旬开始春梢萌动，一年可抽生3次梢，即春、夏、秋梢。春梢抽生后即进入快速生长阶段，在5月底短暂停止生长；6月初开始大量抽生夏梢，多为二次梢；8月中旬开始抽生夏梢。4月下旬开花，花期可持续一个月。成熟果实坛形或椭圆形，果型端正，果面橙黄色，果实金黄色，果皮具小肉刺，果肉脆、风味酸甜可口，成熟后有浓芳香味。果实内富含超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）（3869U/g），含可溶性固形物22%，果实硬，耐贮运，植株健壮，生长势好，抗病性强，平地、田块、25度以下坡地均可栽培。     

补水对采金废弃矿区恢复效益的影响

以阿勒泰两河源自然保护区采金废弃矿区为研究对象,从地形、水、土和生物多方面开展矿山生态恢复试验,分析了推平、覆土、撒羊粪、水分补给、补植、撒种、羊群驻扎和漫溢措施对矿区植被的影响,结合每种措施的成本,选出恢复成效好、成本低的措施。结果显示,1)对废弃矿区进行人工灌溉后,物种数增加了21.7倍,土石比增加了4.5倍;2)滴灌、漫灌和喷灌3种措施中,漫灌措施下成效最好,对土壤的恢复中:覆土后,漫灌下的土石比分别较滴灌与喷灌高38.0%和33.1%;撒羊粪后,分别高出21.7%和11.4%;撒种后,分别高8.9%和8.5%;补植种黑加仑(Ribes nigrum)后,分别高24.2%和2.9%;3)不同灌溉方式下成本高低为滴灌喷灌漫灌,其中漫灌受地理位置限制,而喷灌则适用性广泛。阿勒泰矿山恢复中,可注重矿区的自然恢复并辅以漫灌和人工覆土等措施。本研究为其废弃矿区修复提供了一定的理论依据。     

江西上饶县茶亭镇包家村民间金矿采冶工艺调查研究

在实地调查的基础上，详细论述了包家村民间金矿采冶工艺的全过程。这种金矿采冶工艺，从总体上考论，主要是采用氰化法。其金矿砂的来源主要是该地古代金矿采冶过程中所遗留下来的尾矿中所赋存的含金矿砂以及该地矿山中富含的脉金矿因历史的风化及雨水的冲刷而沉积于该地一水库中的砂金矿。     

胶体金免疫层析技术在兽药残留检测中的应用及发展前景

胶体金免疫层析技术作为一种新型免疫学快速诊断和检测技术,不仅具有敏感、特异、便捷、快速等特点,而且适合基层和现场使用。目前,该技术已广泛应用于兽药残留方面。文章就胶体金免疫层析法的原理、兽药残留的危害及免疫胶体金技术在畜禽产品兽药残留检测中的应用及其存在的问题和发展前景作以阐述。     

氯化钙对花生中黄曲霉毒素B1提取及其快速检测结果的影响

本文以氯化钙为蛋白沉淀剂、黄曲霉毒素B1为靶标,探究了70%甲醇水（V/V）提取液中不同含量氯化钙对花生中黄曲霉毒素提取及其免疫检测结果的影响;采用样品加标回收的方法,研究比较了五种不同含量氯化钙对胶体金免疫层析试纸条和ELISA检测结果的影响。研究结果表明,样品经含1% CaCl2 （m/V）的甲醇水处理后,用胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测时,试纸条T线颜色梯度变化,不同浓度加标回收率等参数均得到明显改善,前处理效果显著;选取20份花生实际样品,经过这种前处理之后,进行胶体金免疫层析试纸条和ELISA检测,同时将其检测结果与免疫亲和层析高效液相色谱法（IAC-HPLC）进行比对,胶体金免疫层析试纸条与IAC-HPLC检测结果符合率为90%,间接竞争ELISA与IAC-HPLC检测结果相关性系数达0.996,表明本研究所改进的样品前处理方法能提高免疫检测准确度,具有很好的应用性。     

牛奶中孕酮的金铁复合纳米粒子磁弛豫开关传感检测

孕酮是由黄体分泌的一种类固醇激素,食品中存在的孕酮对人体内分泌等健康产生严重影响。因此,探索简单、快速、灵敏的孕酮检测技术及方法很有必要。基于孕酮的特异性适配体（Apt）功能化的Au@Fe₃O₄纳米粒子构建磁弛豫传感器,在优化各种实验条件的基础上,对传感器的灵敏度、特异性进行评估,并对牛奶中孕酮检测的可行性进行分析。当孕酮适配体与Au@Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的体积比为3且孵育1.5 h时,有利于Apt-Au@Fe₃O₄纳米探针的构建。磁弛豫检测过程中的优化条件如下：NaCl浓度为0.02 mol/L,Apt-Au@Fe₃O₄纳米粒子稀释400倍,反应15 min。在此条件下,水体系中单组份横向弛豫时间的变化量与孕酮浓度间呈良好的线性关系,线性区间为1～40 nmol/L,检测限为4.97 nmol/L,且具有良好的特异性。该方法可实现对牛奶样品中孕酮的检测,对牛奶中孕酮的线性检测区间为20～100 nmol/L,检测...     

Global Mercury Pollution and its Expected Decrease after a Mercury Trade Ban

The high toxicity of methyl mercury (MeHg) is well known, as is the existence of transformations between metallic Hg and MeHg. As a consequence the industrialised countries have adopted Hg-free products and processes, because a continued use of Hg would result in diffuse emissions even if used Hg isrecycled. However, Western Europe exports about 100 tons of Hg to Brazil each year, where it is emitted over the Amazon. The export from Europe began during the 1980s, when a gold mining boom spread like wildfire in the Amazon. Mercury agglutinates gold grains by forming an amalgam. Later on the gold is purified from the Hg by heating. The Hg evaporatesinto the air and is subsequently deposited onto land and in surface waters. Another important Hg polluter is China, whichhas increased its burning of coal without appropriate smoke cleaning devices and is also importing considerable amounts of Hg for industrial use and for use in gold mining. RegionalHg emissions contribute to global Hg pollution due to the mobility of Hg. A ban on the Hg trade in Europe and North America would significantly diminish global Hg pollution. A ban would also result in the closing of the state-owned Hg mine (MAYASA) in Almadén, Spain, the world's most important anthropogenic Hg source.